삼성전자와 SK하이닉스가 호남 지역을 차세대 반도체 핵심 생산 거점으로 육성하는 방안을 수면 위로 올렸다. 계획이 현실화될 경우 양사의 총투자 규모는 500조원 안팎에 달할 전망이다. 단일 지역을 대상으로 한 국내 첨단산업 투자 중 전례가 없는 역대 최대 규모다. 용인·평택 등 수도권 중심의 대한민국 반도체 지도가 호남축으로 확 달라지게 된다.
23일 본지 취재를 종합하면 SK하이닉스는 전남·광주 일대에 약 250조원을 투입해 대규모 반도체 전공정 생산시설(팹)을 건설하는 방안을 검토하고 있다. 전공정 팹은 웨이퍼에 미세 회로를 새기는 반도체 제조의 핵심 기지로, 후공정에 비해 천문학적인 자금이 집중 투입되는 분야다.
삼성전자 역시 호남권에 신규 첨단 반도체 생산시설 구축을 검토하고 있다. 반도체 업계에서는 삼성전자의 투자 규모가 SK하이닉스를 웃돌 가능성이 크다고 보고 있어, 양사 합산 투자액은 최소 500조 원을 상회할 것으로 관측된다.
재계와 반도체 업계는 이번 초대형 프로젝트가 단순한 기업 유치나 생산공장 신설을 넘어, 정부의 핵심 기조인 ‘국가 균형발전 전략’과 민간 기업의 ‘공급망 다변화’가 맞물린 국가적 대전환으로 보고 있다. 반도체 메가 클러스터가 조성되려면 대규모 전력과 용수 공급망, 도로·철도 등 사회간접자본(SOC)의 대대적인 확충이 필수적이다. 이에 따라 소재·부품·장비(소부장) 기업들의 연쇄 이동과 국책 연구개발(R&D) 기관 집적이 뒤따르며 호남권 전체에 거대한 첨단 산업 생태계가 창출될 것으로 기대된다.
재계는 최근 정부와 기업 간 투자 논의가 본격화되고 있다는 점에도 주목하고 있다.이번 호남 투자는 수도권에 집중된 첨단산업의 축을 남부권으로 대이동 시키는 국가적 패러다임 전환의 신호탄으로 평가된다. 단순한 기업 유치를 넘어 정부의 지역균형 발전 전략과도 맞물려 있다는 것이다. 수도권에 집중된 첨단산업을 비수도권으로 분산시키고 지역별 산업 거점을 육성하겠다는 정부 구상과 맞아떨어진다는 설명이다. 그간 반도체 업계의 고질적 난제였던 전력 확보 문제를 호남의 신재생에너지 벨트와 연계해 해결하는 동시에, 유사시 발생할 수 있는 공급망 마비 리스크를 분산하는 일거양득의 효과를 기대할 수 있기 때문이다.
최태원 SK그룹 회장은 19일 이재명 대통령과 만나 투자 계획을 논의한 것으로 알려졌다. 이재용 삼성전자 회장도 25일 이 대통령과 회동할 예정이다. 업계에서는 이달 29일 이 대통령 주재로 열리는 주요 기업인 간담회에서 투자 대상 지역과 지원 방안, 사업 방향 등이 공개될 가능성에 주목하고 있다.
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일본 공장 캔슬하나요?
Samsung Electronics dan SK Hynix telah mengangkat rencana untuk memposisikan kawasan Honam sebagai pusat produksi utama semikonduktor generasi berikutnya. Jika rencana menjadi kenyataan, total investasi kedua perusahaan diperkirakan akan mencapai sekitar 500 triliun won. Ini adalah skala investasi industri teknologi tinggi terbesar dalam sejarah Korea untuk wilayah tunggal, tanpa preseden sebelumnya. Peta semikonduktor Korea yang sebelumnya berpusat di Kawasan Metropolitan seperti Yongin dan Pyeongtaek akan berubah drastis menuju sumbu Honam.
Menurut kompilasi liputan media pada 23 Januari, SK Hynix sedang mempertimbangkan untuk menginvestasikan sekitar 250 triliun won di kawasan Jeonnam dan Gwangju untuk membangun fasilitas produksi semikonduktor proses menyeluruh (fab) skala besar. Fab proses menyeluruh adalah basis inti manufaktur semikonduktor yang mengukir sirkuit halus pada wafer, dan merupakan bidang di mana dana astronomi diinvestasikan secara terkonsentrasi dibandingkan dengan proses lanjutan.
Samsung Electronics juga sedang mempertimbangkan pembangunan fasilitas produksi semikonduktor teknologi tinggi baru di kawasan Honam. Industri semikonduktor melihat kemungkinan besar bahwa skala investasi Samsung Electronics akan melebihi SK Hynix, dan diperkirakan total investasi gabungan kedua perusahaan akan melampaui setidaknya 500 triliun won.
Industri bisnis dan semikonduktor melihat proyek mega ini sebagai transformasi nasional di mana strategi keseimbangan pembangunan nasional pemerintah dan diversifikasi rantai pasokan perusahaan swasta berpadu, melampaui sekadar penarikan perusahaan atau pembangunan pabrik produksi baru. Untuk menciptakan megakluster semikonduktor, perluasan besar-besaran pasokan daya dan air, serta infrastruktur sosial (SOC) seperti jalan dan rel kereta api sangat diperlukan. Akibatnya, migrasi rantai perusahaan bahan baku, suku cadang, dan peralatan (BKP) serta akumulasi lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) kebijakan nasional akan diikuti, dan diharapkan ekosistem industri teknologi tinggi yang besar akan tercipta di seluruh kawasan Honam.
Dunia bisnis juga memperhatikan bahwa diskusi investasi antara pemerintah dan perusahaan telah memasuki fase serius baru. Investasi Honam ini dinilai sebagai sinyal transformasi paradigma nasional yang memindahkan sumbu industri teknologi tinggi yang terkonsentrasi di Kawasan Metropolitan ke wilayah selatan. Ini melampaui sekadar penarikan perusahaan dan juga terkait dengan strategi pembangunan keseimbangan regional pemerintah. Ini sejalan dengan rencana pemerintah untuk mendispersikan industri teknologi tinggi yang terkonsentrasi di Kawasan Metropolitan ke wilayah non-metropolitan dan mengembangkan pusat industri regional. Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan efek win-win dengan mengatasi masalah pengamanan daya yang merupakan masalah kronis industri semikonduktor dengan menghubungkannya ke sabuk energi terbarukan Honam, sambil mendispersikan risiko gangguan rantai pasokan yang mungkin terjadi saat terjadi krisis.
Diketahui bahwa Chey Tae-won, Ketua SK Group, bertemu dengan Presiden Lee Jae-myung pada 19 Januari untuk mendiskusikan rencana investasi. Lee Jae-yong, Ketua Samsung Electronics, juga dijadwalkan untuk bertemu dengan Presiden Lee pada 25 Januari. Industri memperhatikan kemungkinan bahwa lokasi investasi target, metode dukungan, dan arah bisnis akan diungkapkan pada pertemuan informal pemimpin bisnis utama yang dipimpin oleh Presiden Lee pada 29 Januari bulan ini.
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Apakah pabrik Jepang dibatalkan?
Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix have put forward plans to develop the Honam region as a key production hub for next-generation semiconductors. If the plan materializes, the total investment scale of both companies is expected to reach around 500 trillion won. This is an unprecedented and record-breaking scale of advanced industry investment targeting a single region in Korea. The map of South Korea's semiconductor industry, which has been centered on the Seoul metropolitan area including Yongin and Pyeongtaek, will change dramatically to a Honam axis.
According to a comprehensive report from this publication on the 23rd, SK Hynix is reviewing plans to invest approximately 250 trillion won in the Jeollanam-do and Gwangju areas to construct a large-scale semiconductor front-end production facility (fab). A front-end fab is the core base of semiconductor manufacturing where microscopic circuits are engraved on wafers, and it is a field where astronomical amounts of capital are concentrated compared to back-end processes.
Samsung Electronics is also reviewing the construction of new advanced semiconductor production facilities in the Honam region. In the semiconductor industry, there is a strong view that Samsung Electronics' investment scale will exceed that of SK Hynix, so the combined investment of both companies is expected to exceed at least 500 trillion won.
The business community and semiconductor industry view this mega-scale project as not merely corporate recruitment or the establishment of new production plants, but as a national transformation where the government's core policy of "national balanced development strategy" and private enterprises' "supply chain diversification" align. To create a semiconductor mega cluster, large-scale electricity and water supply networks, as well as massive expansion of social infrastructure (SOC) such as roads and railways, are essential. As a result, a chain movement of materials, parts, and equipment (MPE) companies and the concentration of national research and development (R&D) institutes are expected to follow, creating a massive advanced industrial ecosystem throughout the Honam region.
The business community is also noting that investment discussions between the government and companies have recently begun in earnest. This Honam investment is evaluated as a signal of a national paradigm shift, relocating the axis of advanced industries concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area to the southern region. It goes beyond simple corporate recruitment and is aligned with the government's regional balanced development strategy. It aligns with the government's plans to disperse advanced industries concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area to non-metropolitan regions and foster industrial hubs in each region. This is because it can simultaneously resolve the chronic challenge of securing power in the semiconductor industry by linking it with Honam's renewable energy belt, while also dispersing the risk of potential supply chain disruptions in case of emergency, creating a win-win effect.
SK Group Chairman Chey Tae-won met with President Lee Jae-myung on the 19th to discuss investment plans. Samsung Electronics Chairman Lee Jae-yong is also scheduled to meet with President Lee on the 25th. The industry is paying attention to the possibility that the target regions for investment, support measures, and business directions will be unveiled at a major business leaders' roundtable hosted by President Lee on the 29th of this month.
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Are they canceling the Japan factory?
